Polity 2

Constitutional bodies derive their powers and authorities from the Constitution of India.

  1. Art 74- AGI= Attorney General of India
    1. office= pleaZure of the Prez
    2. Can attend both LS+RS but cant vote
    3. Privileges of MP
  2. Art 148- CAG= Comptroller and Auditor General
    1. office= 6yrs or 65yrs
    2. Audits accounts concerned with the both CFIs= Contingency Fund, the Consolidated Fund of India and states, + PA= Public Accounts Fund of the states + centre.
  3. Art 234- SEC= State Election Commission
    1. State Election commissioner + others
    2. 243K (2)- tenure and appointment will be directed as per the law made by the state legislature
      1.  Aparmita Prasad Singh vs. State of U.P. (2007) the Allahabad High Court held that if the Governor has power to fix or prescribe tenure by rule, he also enjoys the power to amend the rule, either for extending the term of the tenure or reducing the same.
  4. Art 324- EC = Election Commission of India
    1. Chief Election Commissioner+ Other Election Commissioners
    2. Conduct of free and fair elections in India
    3. office= 6yrs or 65yrs
  5. Art 280- FC= Finance Commission
    1. Chairman, 4 members
    2. sharing the divisible taxes by the centre and the states
    3. evaluates the rise in the Consolidated Fund of a state in order to affix the resources of the state Municipalities and Panchayats
    4. FC has the powers of a civil court
  1. Art 338- NCSC= National Commission for Scheduled Castes
    1. Chairman, Vice-chairman, 3 other members
    2. office= 3yrs
    3. It is a quasi-judicial body + Civil court’s power
  2. Art 338-A- NCST= National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
    1. Chairman, Vice-chairman, 3 other members
    2. office= 3yrs
    3. It is a quasi-judicial body + Civil court’s power
  3. Art 338-B- NCBC= National Commission for Backward Classes
    1. Chairman, Vice-chairman, 3 other members
    2. office= 3yrs
    3. It has Civil court’s power
  1. Art 350B- SOLM= Special officer for Linguistic Minorities
    1. office= pleaZure of the Prez
    2. Monitoring and reporting the working of constitutional safeguards for linguistic minorities
  2. Art 315-323- UPSC + SPSC= Union Public Service Commission+ State Public Service Commission
    1.  UPSC= 6yrs or 65yrs
    2.  SPSC= 6yrs or 62yrs

Statutory Body

Statutory Body in IndiaAct
SEBISecurities & Exchange Board of IndiaSEBI Act, 1992
NHRCNational Human Rights CommissionProtection of Human Rights Act, 1993
NCWNational Commission for WomenNational Commission for Women Act, 1990
NCMNational Commission for MinoritiesNational Commission for Minorities Act, 1992
NGTNational Green TribunalNational Green Tribunal Act 2010
AFTArmed Forces TribunalArmed Forces Tribunal Act 2007
UIdAIUnique Identification Authority of IndiaAadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016
CVCCentral Vigilance CommissionCentral Vigilance Commission Act 2003
CAQMCommission for Air Quality Management in the National Capital Region (NCR) and Adjoining AreasCommission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Ordinance, 2020
NCPCRNational Commission for Protection of Child RightsCommissions for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005
CCICompetition Commission of IndiaCompetition Act, 2002
NLSANational Legal Services AuthorityLegal Services Authorities Act, 1987
NABARDNational Bank for Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentNational Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981

Quasi-judicial body

A quasi-judicial body is an organisation or individual on which powers resembling to that of court of law of judge have been conferred in order to adjudicate and decide upon the situation and impose penalty upon the guilty or regulate the conduct of individual or entity.
The courts have the power to supervise over all types of disputes but the quasi-judicial bodies are the ones with the powers of imposing law on administrative agencies.

 It can be entity such as an arbitration panel or tribunal board, that can be a public administrative agency but also a contract- or private law entity.

Feb 2022–
The SC in the matter oT  Takano vs SEBI. In a win for fairness, the SC held that all information relevant to the proceedings must be disclosed by the regulator in adjudication proceedings. In this case, the appellant had received a show cause notice issued by Sebi alleging violation of provisions, namely Prohibition of Fraudulent and Unfair Trade Practices Regulations 2003 (PFUTP Regulations) when the appellant was the MD and CEO of Ricoh India Ltd. 

NCLTNational Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)
ITATIncome Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)
ITAssessing authorities under the Income Tax Laws
NHRCStatutory– National Human Rights Commission… Human right act 1993. Can investigate human right abuse and can recommend the steps to be taken.
NCDRC….National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
CCICompetition Commission of India
ATEAppellate Tribunal for Electricity
RCTRailway Claims Tribunal
IPATIntellectual Property Appellate Tribunal
BOBanking Ombudsman
NGTNational Green Tribunal
CATCentral administrative tribunal… matter related to service dispute of civil servants.
CICCentral Information Commission
SEBIRegulatory— Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
RBIStatutory– Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
FCConstitutional–
TRAI
ECIConstitutional– determination of disqualification of Member of legislator or examining the violation of model code of conduct.