Buried paleochannel found in UP

Potential groundwater source
Dr Mathuria said — buried paleochannel
Near Durgapur village (26 km south of devaprayag) in Prayagraj

NORTH WEST –> the K.S. Valdiya Committee under the Ministry of Jal Shakti
Assumption that River Saraswati originated from Adibadri in Himalaya to culminate in the Arabian Sea through the Runn of Kutch.

SME + MSM

Call money = 1 day
Notice money <15 days
Term money = >15 days

• Call money = imp IMM Indian Money Market
  • Short term financial asset
  • Liquid
  • Can be turned into money at low rates
• Day to day surplus money is traded
• For temporary mismatching funds
  • Meet CRR + SLR (mandatory by RBI)
  • Large outflow
  • Sudden demand
• Scheduled commercial banks (excluding RRBs), co-operative banks (other than Land Development Banks) and Primary Dealers (PDs), are permitted to participate in call/notice money market both as borrowers and lenders. As per the new regulations, Payment Banks are also allowed to participate in CMM as both lenders and borrowers.

Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat programme (personal initiative of MODI) Under the initiative, the government plans to hold people to people exchange between states to enhance knowledge about each other’s culture.

Security+ IR

NIA– National Investigation Agency.. Counterfeit notes from Pakistan

25th Technology Summit is a bilateral platform
that provides opportunities to industries, government agencies and institutes from India and other countries
2017- Canada
2018- Italy
2019- Netherlands

Objectives to increase communication and Tech + Sci in
Water, agriculture and
Health

Nobel prize 2019 Economics

ETS scheme is aimed at reducing pollution, and at the same time minimising the cost of compliance for the industry.•Cap and Trade •Particulate Matter Emission = trading commodity

There are 2 groups taken–

Randomised drug testing
Pilot basis experimental approach
Good for micro level
Operation Bargha in WB 1970s-1980s.. Tenancy reform programme
Shifted crop share up

Mt Paektu (Changbai in Chinese)
NK vs China
Volacanic mountain erupted 1000yrs ago
Highest epak of Koraen Peninsula- 9000 ft
Kim 2 sang was born here.

Elnino- Abnormal heating of equatorial water in central + eastern pacific ocean area
SW monsoon – ITCZ inc.. Tibet belt .. Elnino yr .. Decr rainfall.. But South India 15% more rain
NE retreating monsoon– 1961 ke baad sase zada delay .. Withdrawal
NE monsoon TN mein zada hota hai
Mascarein High bahut zada hua is baar.. IOD Indian ocean dipole

Chinese leased an island for 75 yrs
Tulagi –Solomon islands
Territorial leases (International Laws book)
Treaty form- 1 state leases to another spc period
all sovereign rights
Michael strauss- territorial leases and international laws1.Resolve a territorial dispute 2.Leasing ones political objective
Diego Garcia ~1800km to south of india in Indian ocean..  US  to  UK 1966
China wants to develop special ecnomic zone in Mauritius
India wants Agalega Islands in Mauritius + Assumption island in Seychellas (announced in 2015).. Only signed MoUs with Mauritius gov to “improve air + sea transportation facilities)

Global Hunger Index–India poor rank
Global Tuberclosis report by WHO– india decreaseing TB
Rifamin – drug to cure TB + Leprosy
NIKSHAY – TB program  online notification system

Solomon island – sovereign country 6 lare island +>900 smaller islands  to northeast Australia in Pacific Ocean
Deepwater harbor
WW2- west later towards china
US not happy

2 militant groups in Manipur
Kukis vs Nagas
Nagas objected installing of memorial Anglo – Kukis
Sought intervention of PM modi
Oct 17 as 3 years centenary to Anglo –Kuki war (1917-1919) in Kangpokpi district

Forgotten war – great kuki rebellion
1919 English bureaucratic interventions .. Reorganisation of Manipur into 4 division (Kuki didn’t like it)
Unified north east India- Myanmar + Bangladesh
Manipur lost independence in 1891.. Got independent after 1947

Madden–Julian Oscillation-April 2019

https://myrantbox.school.blog/june_19/

Heavy rains and floods in Indonesia due to Madden Julian oscillation (MJo)

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), as it’s called, is a moving band of rain clouds that travels around the globe spanning 12,000–20,000 km across the tropical oceans.
In 2019, India was poised to receive below normal monsoon rainfall in April but ended up with excessive rain partly due to the MJO.

The MJO has wide ranging impacts on the patterns of tropical and extratropical precipitation, atmospheric circulation, and surface temperature around the global tropics and subtropics. There is evidence that the MJO influences the ENSO cycle. It does not cause El Niño or La Niña, but can contribute to the speed of development and intensity of El Niño and La Niña episodes.

According to India Met Department (IMD), the Arabian Sea arm of south-west monsoon is counting on an itinerant Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) wave for normal monsoon. It’s a traversing phenomenon and is most prominent over the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

How Does MJO Affect Indian Monsoon?

• The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), El Nino and MJO are all oceanic and atmospheric phenomena, which affect weather on a large scale. IOD only pertains to the Indian Ocean, but the other two affect weather on a global scale-up to the mid-latitudes.
• IOD and El Nino remain over their respective positions, while MJO is a traversing phenomenon.
• The journey of MJO goes through eight phases.
  • When it is over the Indian Ocean during the Monsoon season, it brings good rainfall over the Indian subcontinent.
  • On the other hand, when it witnesses a longer cycle and stays over the Pacific Ocean, MJO brings bad news for the Indian Monsoon.
• It is linked with enhanced and suppressed rainfall activity in the tropics and is very important for the Indian monsoonal rainfall.
• Periodicity of MJO:
  • If it is nearly 30 days then it brings good rainfall during the Monsoon season.
  • If it is above 40 days then MJO doesn’t give good showers and could even lead to a dry Monsoon.
  • Shorter the cycle of MJO, better the Indian Monsoon. Simply because it then visits the Indian Ocean more often during the four-month-long period.
• Presence of MJO over the Pacific Ocean along with an El Nino is detrimental for Monsoon rains.

IOD

According to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the delayed withdrawal of South-west monsoon in India has had a cascading impact on the summer monsoon for Australia.

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is defined by the difference in sea surface temperature between two areas (or poles, hence a dipole) – a western pole in the Arabian Sea (western Indian Ocean) and an eastern pole in the eastern Indian Ocean south of Indonesia.

Both of these poles are situated within the equatorial belt of the Indian Ocean (i.e., between 10°N and 10°S).

The IOD affects the climate of India, Australia and other countries that surround the Indian Ocean Basin, and is a significant contributor to rainfall variability in this region.

Positive IOD events
warmer sea surface temperatures in the western Indian Ocean relative to the east;
greater monsoon rainfall and more active (above normal rainfall) monsoon days in India;
it also neutralises the negative effects of a weak El Nino event on India by bringing more rainfall;
less rainfall in Australia.

A “positive IOD” event is the Indian Ocean’s equivalent of El Niño (Note: It doesn’t mean positive IOD and El Nino occur simultaneously; they are just similar in warm-cold water conditions) — with warmer waters in the west of the basin associated with increased rainfall over East Africa, and cooler waters in the east associated with drier conditions in Australia and Indonesia.

https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-ocean-dipole-and-the-south-west-monsoon

THE WETTEST MONSOON IN INDIA IN 25 YEARS

India’s wheat production could jump to a second consecutive annual record in 2020 as the wettest monsoon in 25 years is set to help farmers to expand the area under the winter-sown crop while boosting yields.

The cold wave conditions along with winter rains is very beneficial for the wheat crop. It will help in increasing tillering (an increase in the number of flower bearing branches), which will lead to higher yield.

ENSO nautanki

Amit Sengupta youtube

https://www.pmfias.com/el-nino-el-nino-southern-oscillation-enso-indian-ocean-dipole-iod-la-nina-el-nino-modoki/

Poisonous Fire Coral Fungus

One of the world’s deadliest species of fungi, the Poison Fire Coral, has been identified growing in Australia for the first time.

• Previously, the presence of fungus has also been found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
• The Fire Coral fungus has its native habitat in the mountains of Japan and Korea.
  • Several people have died in Japan and Korea after mistaking this bright red fungi for edible mushrooms.
• Its toxins can even be absorbed through the skin.
• If eaten, it causes symptoms such as stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever and numbness which are followed over hours or days by the skin peeling off the hands and feet, and the shrinking of the brain.

 Robotics and Automation in India

AICRA announced the launch of a new initiative the ‘Tech Startup Program’. 
It will act as incubation environment for startups and other early stage adopters working on (RPA) in India.

AICRA= All India Council for Robotics and Automation–>  

1. a not-for-profit organization established in 2014
2.  sets up standards in robotics & automation and education industry,
3.  engaged in various activities and has launched several programs to promote and build an ecosystem for robotics and automation in India.

RPA= Robotics and Robotics Process Automation –>

• is a technology capability that allows the streamlining of operations in the enterprises. It also allows them to automate their mundane and tedious processes thereby enabling users to enhance their productivity through higher value adding tasks.

Highlights of the Tech Startup Program
AICRA in 1 of its B2C (Business-to-Consumer) Events in Technoxian 2019, has launched the Tech Startup Program which aims to give milage to all new companies and newcomers wishing for technological innovations.

Tech Startup Program provides help with these basic necessities for a startup-

1. Administrative Support
2. Financial Support
3. Technical Support 

Technoxian

• It is an edutech expo organised by AICRA.
• It provides a global opportunity to participate in different competitions related to innovation, robotics, automation, and many other fascinating challenge-based engineering competitions.

Difference between RPA and the Traditional Automation

• Programmed machinery executes the work in a static way without responding or adapting to the changing environment.
• RPA, on the other hand are adaptive to the changing environment and are very efficient, increase productivity and are safe to work with.

Lifestyle of the RPA Technology

• It is not a defined system and is yet evolving in nature.
• New and emerging ideas like artificial learning, deep learning or better operating systems can be added to it after a few years of progress to improve the performance further.

April- Automation + job–ILO

BRAHMOS Missile –

Rivers Brahmaputra +  Moskva.

Supersonic Cruise missile– 2 stage– Air to surface—300km… “Fire and Forgets” principle
India’s entry into the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) has extended the range of the BRAHMOS missile to reach 450 km-600km,

DRDO+ NPOM (Russia)

multiplatform i.e it can be launched from land, air, and sea..

Shinyuu maitri

Bilateral air exercise between the Japanese Air Self Defence Force (JASDF) and Indian Air Force is being held in Agra, India.

Exercise is joint Mobility/Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR) on Transport aircraft.

Arjan Singh, Panagarh town, WB

Exercise with JAPAN

Dharma Guardian 2018- Joint military exercise between Indian Army and Japan Ground Self Defence Force, named Dharma Guardian 2018 was held in Mizoram, India.

JIMEX– Japan-India Maritime Exercise held in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

PRAKASH Portal

GOVt launched a web portal-> PRAKASH for improving coordination between the power, coal and railway (PCR) ministries to ensure coal supplies to power plants
Portal is not accessible to the general public

PRAKASH= Power Rail Koyla Availability through Supply Harmony
CEA= Central
Electricity Authority
POSOCO= Power System Operation Corporation Ltd
Developed by NTPC
soureces + Stakeholders– CEA + POSOCO + CRIS
CEA + POSOCO– review overall availability of coal at thermal power plants in different regions

CPGRAMS= CENTRALIZED PUBLIC GRIEVANCES REDRESS AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Minister of State (Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions)--> DARPG–> CPGRAMS reforms in the Department of Posts

Online web-enabled system developed by NIC + MeitY+ DPG + DARPG
NIC= National Informatics Centre
MeitTy= (Ministry of Electronics & IT
DPG= Directorate of Public Grievances
DARPG= Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ffacility to lodge a grievance online from any geographical location.
citizen to track online the grievance
designating a senior officer as the Director of Grievances/Grievance officer in every office

Commutation of Death Sentence

In the last 9 years, the President commuted at least 20 death sentences to life imprisonment, based on the recommendations of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)

Article 72 -empowers the President to grant pardons to persons who have been tried and convicted of any offence in all cases where the:
•Punishment or sentence for an offence against a Union Law,
•Punishment or sentence is by a court-martial (military court), and
•Punishment is a Death sentence.

Pardoning power of the Governor under Article 161
Governor cant grant pardon extends on Court Martial + Death Penalty

PCRRR
•Pardon: It removes both the sentence and the conviction and completely absolves the convict from all sentences, punishments, and disqualifications.
•Commutation: It denotes the substitution of one form of punishment with a lighter form of punishment. For example, a death sentence may be commuted to rigorous imprisonment.
•Remission: It implies reducing the period of the sentence without changing its character. For example, a sentence of rigorous imprisonment for five years may be remitted to rigorous imprisonment for one year.
•Respite: It denotes awarding a lesser sentence in place of one originally awarded due to some special fact, such as the physical disability of a convict or the pregnancy of a woman offender.
•Reprieve: It implies a stay of the execution of a sentence (especially that of death) for a temporary period. Its purpose is to enable the convict to have time to seek pardon or commutation from the President.

Maru Ram v Union of India case (1980), the constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India held that the power under Article 72 is to be exercised on the advice of the Central Governmentand not by the President on his own at his discretion. And that the advice of the Government is binding on him.

Supreme Court in Epuru Sudhakar v Ors. case (2006) to rule out any case of arbitrariness or executive mala fide upheld that the granting of clemency by the President or Governor can be challenged in court

Youth Co:Lab

AIM + NITI + UNDP India–> launched ‘Youth Co:Lab’ which aims at accelerating social entrepreneurship and innovation in young India
Co-created in 2017 by UNDP and the Citi Foundation and is operational in 25 countries across the Asia Pacific region.

aims to create an enabling ecosystem to promote youth leadership, innovation, and social entrepreneurship. •‘Youth Co:Lab’ in India:

•AIM including Self-Employment and Talent Utilisation (SETU)

•UNDP India’s country programme for 2018-2022 has three major focus areas
•Inclusive growth
•Environment and energy
•Strengthening systems and institutions

India’s First e-Waste Clinic

India’s first e-waste clinic for segregating, processing and disposal of waste from household and commercial units will soon be set-up in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

MoU bw CPCB + BMC
CPCB=Central Pollution Control Board
BMC= Bhopal Municipal Corporation

•Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) •It is a statutory organization that was constituted in September 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. •CPCB was entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Strategic Disinvestment

DIPAM= Department of Investment and Public Asset Management under the Ministry of Finance has been made the nodal department for the strategic stake sale in the Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
•Till now, PSUs for strategic sale by NITI Ayog only.

Department of Disinvestment was one of the Departments under the Ministry of Finance. It was renamed as Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) from 14th April, 2016