ISRO

1. 2015 Sept ASTROSAT– 1st dedicated multiwavelength Observatory
2. Chandrayan-1–2008 1st lunar mission- VSLV-C11
3. Chandrayan 2– July 2019- Moon South Pole- VIKRAM, PRAGYAN, GSLV-MkIII
4. RLVTD– Reusable- 4th country to launch RSLV
5. GAGAN– GPS aided Geo Augmented Navigation
6. NAVICC / IRNSS– 7 satellite– Indian GPS.. Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
7. 2020– GSAT 30 1st comm sat of year
8. 2021– ExpoSat -PAyoad — POLIX— planned space observatory to study polarisation of cosmic X-rays.
9. 2021- Aditya L1– 1st Solar Mission (Corona..)
10. 2021- Chandrayan 3
11. 2022– MOM2
12. 2022-Gaganyaan- 4 IAF members-1st Indian crewed flight to space
13. 2023– Venus Mission
14. 2028– ExoWorld
15. INSIGHT- Mars.. CARTOSAT

1. 10 earth observation (EO) satellites during 2020-2
2. 1st Geo Imaging Satellite, GISAT-1.
3. Only 3 communication satellites and 2 navigation satellites are planned for the coming financial year starting April.
4. The plan mentions 36 missions, which include both satellites and their launchers.
5. The upcoming EO satellites include radar imaging satellites RISAT2BR2, RISAT- 1A and 2A, Oceansat-3 and Resourcesat-3/3S

Casrosat nov_19

SN	Name	Launch Date	Launch Vehicle	Orbit Type	Application
118	RISAT-2BR1	Dec 11, 2019	PSLV-C48/RISAT-2BR1	LEO	Disaster Management System, Earth Observation
117	Cartosat-3	Nov 27, 2019	PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission	SSPO	Earth Observation
116	Chandrayaan2	Jul 22, 2019	GSLV-Mk III – M1 / Chandrayaan-2 Mission	Lunar	Planetary Observation
115	RISAT-2B	May 22, 2019	PSLV-C46 Mission	LEO	Disaster Management System, Earth Observation
114	EMISAT	Apr 01, 2019	PSLV-C45/EMISAT MISSION	SSPO
113	GSAT-31	Feb 06, 2019	Ariane-5 VA-247	GTO	Communication
112	Microsat-R	Jan 24, 2019	PSLV-C44	SSPO
111	Kalamsat-V2	Jan 24, 2019	PSLV-C44		Student Satellite
110	GSAT-7A	Dec 19, 2018	GSLV-F11 / GSAT-7A Mission		Communication
109	GSAT-11 Mission	Dec 05, 2018	Ariane-5 VA-246	GTO	Communication
108	HysIS	Nov 29, 2018	PSLV-C43 / HysIS Mission	SSPO	Earth Observation

EMISAT -PSLVC45

ISRO launched EMISAT on onboard the PLSLV-C45 into SSPO from Satish Dhawan. Flight of PSLV was also the longest mission of the PSLV, lasting around three hours.

PSLV was also carrying 28 international nanosatellites — 24- US, 2- Lithuania 1- each from Spain and Switzerland.

EMISAT is an ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) satellite, which means it will have a radar to measure the electromagnetic spectrum – so as to intercept and analyze radar signals, find their location, identify the hostile radars based on their radio frequency (RF) signature.

vital tool for India when EMISAT along with the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) can effectively locate, tackle and silence enemy radars, and secure Indian airspace.

1st time a PSLV has placed objects in 3 different orbits.
4th stage— to bring PSLV to the altitude of 507 km after EMISAT launch

• At the 4th stage 3 experimental payloads were deployed:
  • Automatic Identification System (AIS) for Maritime satellite applications capturing messages transmitted from ships
  • Automatic Packet Repeating System (APRS) from AMSAT (Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation), India – assists amateur radio operators in tracking and monitoring position data
  • Advanced Retarding Potential Analyzer for Ionospheric Studies (ARIS) from Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) – for the structural and compositional studies of the ionosphere.
• This is the 1st time it has been envisaged to provide a microgravity environment for research organizations and academic institutes to perform experiments.

1. MAVEN- Mars Curiosity Rover
2. CASSINI- Hygens- Saturn + moon
3. TESS- NASA Observatory lab
4. Kepler- Discover Earthlike object
5. ARTEMIS- Solar radiation on lunar surface– Human 2024
6. PUNCH Mission- 2022- Polarimeter to Unify the Corona & Heliosphere.. Imaging
7. Kristina Koch- Longest single spaceflight by Women(300 days) ….Feb 2020 return.
8. Jessica Meir- 15 Women to spacewalk
9. JAmes Webb Telescope- 18 heragonal mirror
10. Europa Chipper
11. Voyager 2- NOv 2018- reached Heliosphere.. Nov 2019-reached Interstellar space
12. LRO-(find ice & water) 2009—LCROSS– collision to Lunar South pole
13. 2023– Telescope SPEHEREx– Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer.

New Frontier

1. New Horizon- Pluto
2. JUNO- Jupiter
3. Dragonfly 2026- Titan , Uranus
4. OSIRIS-Rex – Asteroid Study… CAESAR
5. MOONRISE- Lunar south pole

A-SAT

On 27^th March, 2019, India successfully conducted an Anti-Satellite (A-SAT) missile test from the Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island launch complex. Called as Mission Shakti carried out by DRDO.

• It is an interceptor missile that destroys or jams satellites in space.
• 2 types of A-SATs: Kinetic and Non-Kinetic A-SATs.
  • Kinetic A-SATs, like ballistic missiles physically strike an object in order to destroy it.
     has a Kinetic Kill Vehicle (KKV) within it, which after sensing the satellite, hits it.
• Non-Kinetic A-SATs are the ones that use non-physical means to disable or destroy space objects, which include frequency jamming, blinding lasers or cyber attacks.

Outer Space Treaty and the Space Law

• It came into force on 10^th October, 1967 and forms the basis of International Space Law.
• Parameters of Space Law include Space exploration, liability for damage, use of weapons, rescue efforts, environmental preservation, information sharing, new technologies etc.

• It prohibits any weapons of mass destruction in outer space, but does not ban conventional weapons within space.
• It exclusively limits the use of the moon and other celestial bodies for peaceful purposes.
• It explicitly forbids any government to claim a celestial resource like the moon or planets.
• As of February 2019, 108 countries are party to the treaty. 23 are such countries that have signed it but have not completely ratified it. India ratified the treaty in 1982.