Amazon rainforest, the largest of its kind, is at ablaze from 15 Aug 2019.

Critics of Balsonaro say:

• Bolsonaro’s economic and environmental policies have virtually set the stage for intensifying degradation of the Amazon’s rich biodiversity.
• He has chipped away at the protections of thee rainforest ,
  • weakening the environment ministry when he made Ricardo Salles the Environment Minister (found guilty of administrative improprieties for altering a map to benefit mining companies)
  • by driving away Norway and Germany, principal donors who have backed protections for the Amazon by sacking the head INPE over absurd allegations that he was disclosing how rapidly Amazon deforestation was happening
  • Attacking both environmental charities, alleging without proof that they started fires to serve certain foreign interests, and indigenous Amazon dwellers.
• Under intense global pressure, including from the ongoing G-7 meetings of world leaders, Mr. Bolsonaro, a right-wing climate-change sceptic, appears to have relented to an extent, and has authorised 44,000 military troops to help with the firefighting efforts.
• Even if they succeed, and the Bolsonaro administration ultimately bends to global outrage over the destruction of a critical global ecosystem, the discernible shift in Brazilian public institutions responsible for guarding the future of the Amazon rainforest is a worrying sign of worse things to come.

9 countries namely

Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Brazil mein French guinea pig ka surname gyuana hai… When Colombians equator per bola.

Rainforest = evergreen

Decidous forest= jo pathjhad mein jhadte hain.

Rainforest mein aag

1. Ya to lagao
2. Ya to cleared region mein dry leaves and low moisture in the soil
3. .Deforestation
4. .Anthropogenic factors
5. Climate change

2004-2012…..	Amazon Rainforest deforestation	84%  ⇊
2017	Amazon Rainforest deforestation — loss ~1.2 bill trees	13.7% ⇈
Last 50 yrs …………………………………………	Forest lost, mostly due to forest conversion for cattle ranching. (WWF)	17% ⇊
July 2019	The Amazon shrunk by 1,345 sq km	39% ⇊  copmpared to last yr same month
Jan – Aug 2019	Detected >76,000 fires ( The National Institute for Space Research (INPE) )	84%  ⇈ compared to 2018

• US govt has warned about Climate change
• Scientist put 2030 as climate change deadline
• UN reports 1 mill species at risk of extiction
• Home to 10% of all species
• Absorbs 25% of CO₂  emissions
• Producer of O₂ and water vapour — cools down — lungs of the Earth

• 1203.33
• Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva impeached for corruption.(Carwash scandal)
• Jair Bolsonaro a retired military officer whose opinions and political and social views are on the harsher side.
• Agribusiness generates 23.5% of Brazil’s business. (2017)
• The indigenous people have traditionally burnt a patch of forest land to clear it for cultivation but the time has changed.
• JBS beef manufacturing and exporting company is known for malpractices and bribing the authorities.
• 305 tribes have legally demarcated lands but threatened to be removed.
• Bolsonaro Gave FUNAI to Ministry Of Agriculture.

Facts –

1. 1 mill indigenous people
2. 3 mill indigenous flora + fauna
3. 20% earth’s O₂.
4. 4100 miles of winding river.
5. 1/10 th of known species are here.
6. If country it would b e 9th largest in world.
7. 1.4 bill acres of rainforest.
8. 2.6 bill sq miles of basin.
9. 90-140 bill metric tons of carbon.

Cattle problem

1. Cattle ranching ke liye forest pe aag lagate hai.
2. Fodder ke liye grassland chahiye.
3. 80 % of current deforestation rates
4. Home to 200 mill cattles
5. Largest exporter of cattle+ Beef

FUNAI – National Indian Foundation (Brazil)

The Global Carbon Project reports

• fossil fuel emissions ~ 9.9 Gt of C into the atmosphere,
• land-use change accounts for 1.5 Gt.
• terrestrial ecosystems absorbed 3.8 Gt
• deforestation and logging amounted to 2.9 Gt
• carbon absorption due to forest regrowth (1.64 Gt
• carbon absorption by intact forests (1.19 Gt). 
• overall, tropical forests were marginally a source of emissions of about 0.11 Gt of carbon per year

The threat by the French President, Emmanuel Macron to block the EU-Mercosur trade deal to mark the European Union’s displeasure marks a new low in the global North’s pressure tactics on the South in dealing with the climate challenge. In a dangerous portent, a noted U.S. foreign policy commentator, Stephen Walt, writing recently in Foreign Policy magazine, speculated on precisely such tactics. He further speculated that “major powers” could intervene even militarily to discipline nations recalcitrant in climate action. Global talk of a climate emergency that is not grounded in scientific evidence, however well-intentioned in their origins, could also unwittingly fuel thinking along these lines.